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1. Choose the one that fits best according to the
information given in the passage you have just read.
The
recession (衰退) of 2008-09 was remarkable in
rich countries for its intensity, the following recovery for its weakness. The
labour market has also broken the rules, as new research from the OECD, a
think-tank of mainly rich countries, shows in its annual Employment Outlook.
Young
people always suffer in recessions. Employers stop hiring them; and they often
get rid of new recruits because they are easier to dismiss. But in previous
episodes, such as the recessions of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, older workers
were also kicked off. This time is different. During the financial crisis in
2008, and since, they have done better than other age groups.
The
researchers focus on movements in "non-employment" as a share of the
total population in three age groups between the final quarters of 2007 and
2012. This measure has the advantage of including not just unemployment, where
people are looking for work, but also inactivity, where people are not seeking
jobs. Whereas the average non-employment rate in the OECD has risen by four
percentage points among young people and by one-and-a-half points among 25-to
54-year-olds, it has fallen by two points among the 55-64 age group.
Why have
older employees done so well? In some southern European countries they benefit
from job protection not afforded to younger workers, but that did not really
help them in past recessions. What has changed, says Stefano Scarpetta, head of
the OECD's employment directorate, is that firms now bear the full costs of
getting rid of older staff. In the past, early-retirement policies provided by
governments (in the mistaken belief that these would help young people) made it
cheaper to push grey-haired workers out of the door. These have largely stopped.
Many will
argue that older workers have done better at the expense of the young. That
view is wrongheaded. First, it is a fallacy that a job gained for one person is
a job lost for another; there is no fixed amount of work. And second, as the report
shows, young and old people are by and large not substitutes in the workplace.
They do different types of work in different types of occupation: younger
people are keen on IT firms, for example, whereas older folk tend to be
employed in more traditional industries. There are plenty of things that should
be done to help the young jobless, but kicking older workers out of the
workplace is not one of them.
（1）By saying "The labour market has also broken the rules", the author means ______.
A . young employees were protected by the government
B . young employees suffered moderately in labour market
C . old employees suffered very little in the labour market
D . The recession had little impact on labour market
（2）What do we know about "early-retirement policies" mentioned in the 4thparagraph?
A . They proved to be little use and nearly no longer in effect.
B . They have effectively helped young employees.
C . They financially supported the elderly people.
D . They have gain popularity in southern European countries.
（3）The word "fallacy" (in the last paragraph) probably means "______".
A . common belief
B . wrong concept
C . acceptable assumption
D . wise statement
（4）Which of the following might the author agree with?
A . Early-retirement policies should have been well adoptedby governments.
B . Young people should be encouraged into traditional industries.
C . Supportive policies should be made to help elderly people when crisis occurs.
D . Old people's remaining in jobs doesn't necessarily threaten young people's jobs.
