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1. Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper
sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there
are two more sentences than you need.
Every Little Bit Counts?
One of the weapons in the fight against
poverty is microcredit also called microlending. Microcredit is the practice of
giving very small, short-term loans to poor people.{#blank#}1{#/blank#} The loans help the borrowers start or
upgrade small businesses. Microcredit organizations assume that poor people can
lift themselves out of poverty if they only have access to standard financial
services.
Grameen Bank, started as a project in
1976, is a pioneer of microcredit.{#blank#}2{#/blank#} Borrowers often have no steady job no
other property, and no one to co-sign on the loan - common requirements for
getting a loan elsewhere. Grameen Bank promotes credit as a human right, and
with a 98% repayment rate, it seems to have helped its borrowers improve their
lives and made a profit through interest in the meantime.
Successes like Grameen Bank and others
caused governments and NGOs to rush to fund microcredit operations. How
wonderful to imagine that the cure for poverty could be profitable! However,
recent studies question how effective microcredit really is. Critics say that
poor people with enoughentrepreneurial(创业的) drive to get a loan would have
succeeded anyway. Those without the drive don't end up in better circumstances
after paying back loans，which aren't always used for businesses. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} And though microcredit is described as
a way to empower women, some say the loans aren't causing any measurable
improvement in women's lives.
The ideas behind microcredit are
uplifting: that all humans are filled with potentials and that one small bit of
assistance can help a whole family live better. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} Time and close study will tell if
microcredit is really the miracle it appears to be.
A.
They also say that without a basic education, poor borrowers aren't equipped to
manage the businesses they create.
B.
In general, the loans are 100 USD or less, usually paid back within six months.
C.
Borrowers need to provide the credit history, which the lenders will use as the
criteria when evaluating a loan.
D.
They may, however, ignore systematic causes of large-scale poverty.
E.
Most microcredit agencies are struggling as the vast majority of loans are not
paid back.
F.
It has given out more than eight billion dollars in loans to people who could
never borrow money otherwise.
